03/18/2025
Computer science is the study of computers and computer systems, including computer hardware, software, and algorithms.
It includes studying computer network design and data structures and the design, development and testing of software. Some of the foundations of computer science come from mathematics and engineering using hypothesis testing and experimentation during different stages of computer architecture and design.
Computer science is one of five interrelated computing disciplines of computing. Each has its own research focus and perspective within the broader field of computing:
- Computer engineering
- Computer science
- Information systems
- Information technology
- Software engineering
The subfields of computer science are the study of computer architecture, programming languages, and software development. Computer science also includes computational systems and science, using algorithmic processes to model scientific data.
Computer Science Degrees and Career Paths
Many careers in computer science may prefer or require a bachelor’s or master’s degree, depending on the role and employer requirements.
American Public University offers an online Bachelor of Science in Computer Science, as well as degrees in Computer Technology and Cybersecurity. APU also offers an online Master of Science degree in Information Technology.
There are many different career opportunities for computer science majors. A degree in computer science may provide a foundation for roles such as computer and information research scientists, computer network architects, computer programming, computer and technical support specialists, computer systems analysts, database administrators or architects, information technology analysts, software engineering, software development, artificial intelligence and much more.
These career paths span industries such as technology, finance, healthcare, and education
Essential Skills for Computer Science Careers
Some computer science skills that professionals may find useful may include analytical skills, communication skills, logical thinking, detail oriented, interpersonal and problem-solving skills.
- Analytical skills: Typically used to help evaluate research and data.
- Communication skills: Typically used to explain data or research findings to the average person. Computer science majors may also write research papers or present findings in public settings.
- Logical thinking: Use reasoning when working with algorithms and technical systems.
- Detail oriented: Typically used during day-to-day work in programming to test systems that are designed. Small errors could make or break an entire project.
- Interpersonal: Typically relevant when working with teams of programmers and managers, engineers or specialists.
- Problem-solving skills: Typically relevant to think outside the box to find solutions.
Programming languages and math skills may also be useful. Common programming languages like Python, Java or C++ are commonly used among computer science programs.
Understanding Computing Systems and Infrastructure
Computer science involves working with computing systems like hardware, software and networking components that work together to perform computing tasks.
Computer scientists design, develop and test software systems, like operating systems, computer programs and software programs.
Common infrastructure may include cloud infrastructure like storage, computing and content delivery networks.
Security infrastructure can include anything from firewalls to antivirus software, encryption and systems that manage how users access network resources.
Computer Science Research and Innovation
Another part of computer science is research. This may focus on developing new algorithms, data structures and software.
Researchers in computer science explore new areas, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, and human-computer interaction. For example, they might specialize in programming to robotics.
Computer science research can lead to improvements in software development, computer systems, and networking technologies.
Computer Science Industry Impact and Applications
Computer science has a significant impact on many industries. Computer systems and software are typically used in different applications across different industries, including business, government, and nonprofit organizations.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning are increasingly being used in applications like image recognition, natural language processing, and predictive analytics for businesses and organizations.
Computer science professionals contribute to various industries, including gaming, entertainment, and e-commerce, depending on their specialization.
Computer Science Job Outlook
The job outlook for computer science professionals ranges according to specific roles.
The job outlook for computer and information research scientists is projected to grow 26% in the next decade. Software developers, quality assurance analysts and testers are projected to grow 17% in the next decade.
Computer science professionals might find opportunities in technology, academia, finance, and healthcare.
Emerging Trends and Technologies in Computer Science
Emerging trends in computer science, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, continue to shape the field, according to industry reports.
Technologies such as blockchain, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things are influencing advancements in the field.
These emerging trends and technologies have many practical applications, including improving software development, computer systems, and computer networks.
As a result, it may be helpful for computer science professionals to stay up-to-date with the latest developments and advancements in the field.
Next Steps: What Can You Do With a Computer Science Degree?
A degree in computer science may open doors to a wide range of career opportunities across industries such as technology, finance, healthcare, and cybersecurity. Whether you're interested in software development, artificial intelligence, or IT management, a strong foundation in computer science may be able to help you build a rewarding career.