03/24/2025
If you're interested in the world of computers, it can be helpful to discover what specific degree program you'd like to study.
A computer science degree focuses on the theory, design, and implementation of computer systems and software.
Information technology (IT), on the other hand, explores algorithms, data structures, computer networks, and software engineering.
Let's take a closer look at which field aligns best with your interests and career goals.
What is Computer Science?
Computer science combines theory, innovation and practical skills to solve problems and advance industries through computing. It's a fundamental field that underlies other fields, such as IT, engineering, and mathematics.
It involves algorithms, data structures, computer networks, and software engineering. Computer science professionals may work on designing and developing software and computational systems, as well as testing and debugging different systems.
What is Information Technology?
Information technology or IT is any equipment or system that's used for storing, managing or transmitting data directly or through a contractor. Performed through computers, software, networks, network infrastructure or other firmware, IT is essential for many types of organizations and businesses to run effectively and efficiently.
IT professionals may have specialized knowledge to work with hardware and software systems to ensure they run smoothly, provide technical support, manage networks, and secure data.
IT careers may focus on problem-solving, but often lean toward managing existing technology rather than creating whole new software or systems.
Key Differences Between Computer Science and Information Technology
Computer science and information technology are related but distinct fields.
Computer science is more theoretical, focusing on developing the principles and software behind the technology, while information technology (IT) is more focused on practical application, systems analysis and management of technology systems.
Computer scientists create and improve the software and algorithms that power technology systems, while IT professionals are typically involved in maintaining and using computer programs and enhancing them.
| Aspect | Computer Science | Information Technology |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | Focuses on the theory, design, development and analysis of computer systems, algorithms and software. | Focuses on the use of and management of technology to solve practical business problems. |
| Primary Concern | To develop new computing technologies and software applications. | To implement and maintain technology solutions and ensure smooth operations of computer systems. |
| Scope | Deals with underlying principles of computing, algorithms and software development. | Covers hardware, software, networking, and database management. |
| Skills | Programming, algorithms, data structures, machine learning, artificial intelligence, computational theory. | Networking, system administration, IT support, cloud computing, cybersecurity, database management. |
| Tools | Programming languages, software development tools, machine learning frameworks, data structures. | Networking devices, cloud platforms, operating systems, security protocols, database systems. |
| Degree Focus | Typically involves study in algorithms, programming languages, data theory or software design. | May involve courses in network management, system administration, IT security or user support. |
Career Paths in Computer Science and IT
Both computer science and information technology majors provide different types of roles and career paths.
Computer science graduates typically pursue software development, programming, data science, AI and computer engineering careers.
For example, the job outlook for software developers is projected to grow 17% from 2023 to 2033.
Information technology graduates typically work in network administration, technical support, cybersecurity, consulting and database management.
For example, the job outlook for network architects is projected to grow 13% from 2023 to 2033.
Education and Key Skills for a Computer Science or IT Career
A bachelor’s degree is typically required for both information technology and computer science careers. American Public University (APU) has an online bachelor's in computer science program that offers a mix of general education and specific courses to help students specialize in which areas of computer science skills align with their career goals.
APU also offers an online bachelor's in information technology degree, a four-year program as well. This program provides foundational knowledge that may assist students in preparing for professional environments and certifications.
Some specialized roles in these fields may require a master's degree or additional certifications. Additional certifications may also be required for specific roles. Students may also choose to major in either computer science or information technology and branch out in a specific advanced degree that supports the other.
Some examples of advanced degrees may include:
- Master of Science in Engineering
- Master of Business Administration (MBA)
- Master of Science in Information Technology
- Master of Science in Computer Science
- Master of Science in Cybersecurity
- Master of Science in Computer Engineering
Foundational Technical Skills
Both fields require strong technical skills and a strong foundation in computer science principles.
Computer science focuses more on theoretical knowledge, software development, algorithms, data structures, and advanced technical skills like AI, machine learning, and software engineering.
Information technology (IT) may focus more on practical applications, system management, networking, IT infrastructure, and security, with a emphasis on applying technology solutions to business and operational problems.
Emerging Trends and Job Outlook for Computer Science and IT
Both IT and computer science are evolving fields, and staying up to date with the latest trends may be helpful as roles and responsibilities change.
Emerging technologies like cloud computing, artificial intelligence, machine learning and cybersecurity are shaping the industry.
The demand for IT and computer science professionals may align with technological advancements as companies adapt to digital trends.
Choosing Between Computer Science and Information Technology
Ultimately, the choice between IT and computer science depends on your personal interests, skills, and career goals.
Taking the time to evaluate how an academic career may impact your future is well worth it. Take a detailed look at the skills needed for each program's courses and evaluate how the skills could help build a foundation for future career opportunities.
IT and computer science professionals must be able to communicate effectively with users and other technical professionals. IT and computer science professionals must also be able to work well in teams and adapt to changing technologies and requirements. Think about which technical and soft skills could help you in whatever career you're preparing for.
If you're considering a career in IT, read our guide on how to become an IT specialist to learn more about your career options.